Quality of Air-Presence of pollutants PM10 and LNP

PM10 and LNP are two of the most important indicators of the quality of air. They express the level of the solid particles in the air. PM10 (Particulate Matter) is a mixture of liquid and solid particles that stay in the air, with a diameter smaller than 10 micrometers. The main source is the gas released by the automobiles, especially the ones with diesel engines.…

Side effects of CO2 Carbon Dioxide is the main reason for global warming. It is released from the burning of oil, coal and natural gas and these are the main sources for its presence in the air. In the alst 50 years its concentration has increased continuously all over the world by an average of 3%/year. After it is released in the atmosphere it stays…

Albania is a country blessed with a coastline of 316 kilometres, where there are a lot of sandy and rocky beaches making it one of the preferred choices over the summer holidays. However, rapid urban development have contributed not a little on its purity. Ionian and Adriatic Sea are nowadays hosts of urban discharges, industrial, agricultural or livestock.  In these seas the level of pesticides…

According to the definition given by NATO, military spending are all capital and current expenditures made for the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces, the Ministry of Defense and other government agencies engaged in defense projects, pre-military forces (if they are trained and equipped with means for military operations) and military air activities. These expenditures include: salaries and wages for military and civilian workers, social support…

From the budget perspective, the Ministry of Defense has been among ministries with more fluctuations in the budget programs to achieve its mission. Most of these changes are associated with restructuring and reforms because of membership in NATO.   Source: Ministry of FinanceComments and Analysis: Open Data Albania (ODA) In the years 2004 and 2005, 80% of ministry funds were managed by the program “Security…

Although peace is one of the major challenges for today’s society, it seems that even governments are not negligible about this fact, which is shown in spending considerable amounts for their armies. Part of this trend is also Albania, which since 1999 has received more and more commitments in the field of defense. Our country certainly was not accepted as a member of NATO due…

Accreditation is the process which certifies the quality of an Institution of High Education (IHE) and its study programs. In our country this is done by the Agency for Accreditation of High Education and this is under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Education. There are many theories whether the government must get involved in the regulation and supervision of the education system or…

Despite the many critics of the University Ranking System, its conclusions draw attention over some interesting issues. First, if we consider the indicator of the pedagogical staff, considered one of the most important, we will notice that in the three evaluated amajors (economy, law, and nursery) 40% of the cases result with low level pedagogical staff. This means that the Institutions of Higher Education that…

Assessing the prices is the prerogative of the Water Regulatory Entity (WRE). Open Data Albania (ODA) has completed a study on the average price assessed on individuals, private companies and government institutions during 2008-2011. It must be noted that prices vary from one local unit to another, therefore in order to complete the study an average has been taken into account.   Source: General Directory…

The level of collection is one of the most important financial indicators for each activity. It provides information on the percentage of the value of invoices received within a certain period. The performance of this indicator has not been satisfactory over the years. The chart below shows the collection level of individuals, private companies and government institutions.The latter’s indicator is sometimes 100 %, which refer…

The Broadband connection is one of the ways to use the internet. This indicator includes the contracts which enable the consumers to secure internet connection through: a modem which is attached to a cable transmission network, DSL technology (Digital Subscriber Line), other users of broadband or dedicated analogue lines. A characteristic of this system is that clients pay for high speed internet, generally above 256…

Republic of Albania issued its first Eurobonds in the International financial markets on the 4 November 2010. Eurobond is a financial instrument which has a maturity more than one year and is traded in international financial markets, which mean outside the national boundaries of the state that make the issuance. This financial instrument is similar in terms of structure to the Albanian government bonds issued…

AIDS is classified as one of the most problematic diseases in recent years. In the absence of a cure, its prevention remains the best protection from it. AIDS can strike anyone, young adults but also children. Globally, it is ranked at second place as cause of death of the age group of 20-24 years and the first in the United States for the death of…

Number of seats held by women in the National Assembly held by women is a simple indicator which is calculated as the ratio of female representatives to the total number of representatives. Since the National Assembly can be either unicameral or bicameral, in order to calculate this indicator we have used the percentage of women in the unicameral assembly, or the lower chamber of the…